Helical grooves on the bolt shaft mated with two lugs on the inside of the bolt body so that, when the bolt was pulled to the rear, the lugs moved in the grooves rotating the bolt shaft, unlocking the dual lugs and allowing the bolt to open. On the front of the shaft were the two locking lugs and a non-rotating extractor.
In 1890, Mannlicher perfected an improved, straight-pull design in which the bolt was made up of two parts: the bolt handle and body made up the rear section, and a bolt shaft, or cylinder, was inserted into the rear section’s front. the Dual Monarchy) and were sold to armies around the world.
A small button in front of the triggerguard allowed the shooter to release and eject a loaded clip up through the action to unload the rifle.īetween 18, Mannlicher developed a series of straight-pull rifles that were adopted by the Austro-Hungarian Empire (a.k.a. Mannlicher’s clip could only be inserted one way, and for this reason the “top” had very prominent finger grooves so that the shooter could tell which way to insert it, even in the dark.
When combined with a straight-pull bolt, it gave the individual soldier an unprecedented rate of fire. When empty, the clip fell out of an opening in the bottom of the magazine housing, allowing a loaded clip to be inserted immediately. This consisted of a magazine charged with prefilled metal clips, holding five cartridges that became part of the magazine until the cartridges were all fired. But he is better known for the magazine system that even today carries his name: the Mannlicher en bloc magazine. Mannlicher is famous for his straight-pull bolt designs, which he felt provided the soldier the greatest firepower with the least amount of physical effort. It has been said that many of Mannlicher’s ideas were ahead of his time and that military conservatism-along with the inability of prevailing technology to keep up with him-prevented Mannlicher from becoming as well known as his contemporaries John Moses Browning and Paul Mauser. His work soon attracted the attention of the Hapsburg empire’s premier arms manufacturer, the Österreichische Waffenfabrik Gesellschaft of Steyr, Austria, and it was his designs that were responsible for their becoming one of the world’s leading producers of military small arms. Upon returning to Austria, he devoted his engineering talents to firearms development. Mannlicher had first become fascinated with firearms while visiting the 1876 World Exposition in Philadelphia. The most successful series of straight-pull bolt-action military rifles in history were invented by Ferdinand von Mannlicher (1848–1904).
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